運動超分子マシナリーが織りなす調和と多様性

真核生物
動かずにじっと獲物を待つ

種名:Histiobalantium natans
AL-Museum　AL-Museum

粒 子の間でじっと動かず、体の周りに放射状に伸びた繊毛も殆ど動かさず上手に餌をとる繊毛虫。体の脇の膨らんだ部分に口があるのか、その付近が波打って度々 餌が飛び込み、細胞の奥に運ばれる様子が観察される。 一つの場所にじっとしているが、他の生き物の動きには敏感に反応し、素早く位置を変える。

AL-Museum

その他
Human-Pathogen Interaction

種名:Human-Pathogen
Stanford University　Stanley Falkow

Ninety percent of the cells humans carry are microbes. Only a few of the bacteria we encounter are pathogenic and can cause disease. Pathogens possess the inherent ability to cross anatomic barriers or breach other host defenses that limit the microbes that make up our normal flora. A significant part of human evolution has gone into developing ways to thwart microbial intrusion. In turn, microbes have come up with clever ways to avoid and circumvent host defenses but human — microbe interactions is still a "Work in Progress." When we study pathogens we learn as much about ourselves as we do about them.

その他
Part 2: Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer

種名:Helicobacter pylori
Stanford University　Stanley Falkow

Helicobacter pylori lives in the human stomach. It causes gastritis, ulcer disease and even gastric cancer. Some H. pylori can inject a protein, CagA, into gastric epithelial cells. CagA interacts with the tight junctions that bind cells together and with signaling molecules affecting motility and proliferation. CagA is associated with ulcer disease and cancer but we don't understand how it works to favor malignancy. Not long ago in history most humans carried H. pylori ; the incidence of carriage and gastric cancer is dropping but there is evidence that this microbe also had a protective effect on human health.

分子・タンパク質
細胞骨格とエンドソーム

種名:Homo sapiens
京都大学　加藤洋平

HeLa細胞において、微小管（左上）、アクチンフィラメント（左下）、エンドソーム（右上）の動きを観察。重ね合わせの画像（右下）では、微小管を緑、アクチンフィラメントを赤、エンドソームを白で表示している。

分子・タンパク質
乳がん細胞の細胞骨格

種名:Homo sapiens
京都大学　加藤洋平

転移性乳がん細胞（MDA-MB-231細胞）の微小管（マゼンタ）とアクチンフィラメント（緑）。

分子・タンパク質
キネシンモーターによるエンドソームの輸送

種名:Homo sapiens
京都大学　加藤洋平

HeLa細胞の中のエンドソームを動かした様子。 薬剤処理により、人工的にエンドソーム（緑）とキネシンモータータンパク質（赤）を結合させると、微小管上のプラス端方向（細胞の端の方）に向かって動き出す。

真核生物
Hydra Viridis (Green Hydra) is eating a waterflea

種名:Hydra viridis
Private Microscopist (Hobby)　Dr Ralph Wagner

Hydra Viridis (Green Hydra) is eating a cyclops spec. (some sort ofwaterflea) http://www.dr-ralf-wagner.de

原核生物
Fluorescent labeled Helicobacter pylori motility

種名:Helicobacter pylori
Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America　Professor Marshall H. Montrose

The motility of wild-type H. pylori Strain SS1 was observed by tracking fluorescently labeled cells using a fast-scan confocal microscope. The cells swam in straight or arced lines at mean velocity of 25.5±0.7 µm/sec, with stopping at the frequency of 0.13±0.05 per s, and slowed at pH 5. Fluorescently labeled H. pylori was loaded into an uncoated μ-Slide chamber (ibidi) and monitored on the inverted fast scan confocal microscope (Zeiss LSM 7 LIVE), with a scan speed at 100 ms/frame.

Plos Pathogens

原核生物
Helicobacter pylori swimming of the wild type strain and straight cell mutant in broth medium

種名:Helicobacter pylori
Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America　Professor Nina R. Salama

Five second video with a frame rate of 0.1 seconds taken at 600×. The straight csd4 mutant is on the left, the wild-type on the right, although the cell morphology appear similar in this magnification. Both strains exhibit similar motility under these conditions.

Plos Pathogens

原核生物
Helicobacter pylori swimming of the wild-type and straight cell mutant in 0.5% methylcellulose

種名:Helicobacter pylori
Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America　Professor Nina R. Salama

Five second video with a frame rate of 0.1 seconds taken at 600×. The straight csd4 mutant is on the left, the wild-type on the right, although the cell morphology appear similar in this magnification. Both strains exhibit similar motility under these conditions.

Plos Pathogens